Types of leather depending on dressing, coloring and finishing.
Skin care tips.
Leather is a strong and durable material from which accessories, clothes, shoes, and furniture are made. Leather is able to give the product a refined, elegant and reliable strict look at the same time. Leather products will look attractive.
Natural leather is obtained from animal skins by processing with physical, chemical and physical operations. There are many ways of dressing and processing leather, resulting in types of leather. In order for leather products to last, special care is required.
The following are the types of leather obtained as a result of dressing, dyeing and some tips for caring for types of genuine leather.
Smooth skin
As a rule, the skin is of medium hardness, smooth to the touch, with a water-repellent effect. Smooth texture is achieved by processing the outer surface of the skin. Smooth leather is made from raw materials that are processed using advanced methods. Smooth skin is obtained from the skins of young: calves, bulls, goats, sheep, in rare cases - from pigs and horses.
Smooth leather is plastic and retains natural breathability, prone to natural patination during operation. The skin is subject to mechanical damage, which can be easily removed by applying a thin layer of a special cream of the appropriate shade. When caring for leather, it is better to use special products for smooth leather, which protect products from moisture and remove impurities.
Aniline leather.
Leather dyed with organic dyes with minimal technological processing. Sensitive and prone to patination during use.
Polished leather
Such leather undergoes a special treatment, acquires a strong shine and an even, smooth surface, on which the natural structure of the skin is not visible. Harsh, easily scratched, less breathable. However, polished leather is durable.
Patent leather
Rigid and retains the shape of the product. Has the brilliant glossy surface covered with a polyurethane varnish. Properties depend on the quality of the skins, the selected varnish and adherence to the application technology. Depending on the varnish and the method of application, the surface of the leather is not only shiny, but also matte, colored or retaining its natural color. Products made from this leather are moderately susceptible to mechanical damage. You can clean the surface of patent leather with special water-based sprays for patent leather and flannel fabric.
Morocco
Leather of special dressing, stamped and dyed in bright colors. Made from sheep and calfskin. Durable, resistant to dirt and mechanical damage. Appearance, used for the manufacture of bags and accessories.
Embossed leather
This is leather, in which the pattern on the front side is obtained using molds or stamps. With the help of embossing on the front surface of the skin. The resulting pattern imitates the skin of reptiles (snakes, crocodiles, etc.).
Split
Genuine leather obtained by mechanical separation - grinding - of natural leather into layers. The chromium and chromo-fat skins of cattle and pigs are exposed to stratification. As a rule, it is obtained from the lower layer of the skin. The advantage of split leather is the price. The durability, appearance and breathability of split products vary. This skin does not acquire a patina; samples of such skin retain their appearance. The breathability of split leather is lower than that of untreated leather.
Nubuck
A type of leather that has been chrome-tanned and then sanded to the front with special materials to obtain its appearance. The surface of the skin looks velvety, pleasant to the touch, with a pile on the front side. Such leather is both medium soft and hard. Elastic, looks original. Retains the shape of the product. Porous "breathing" structure. It is characterized by wear resistance. Not subject to severe mechanical damage. Requires special care: dry cleaning of the leather surface with a special brush for nubuck, to restore color - a special spray. Soaps and solvents must not be used.
A variation of this type of leather is nubuck oil. This is a nubuck with extra grease treatment, a characteristic oily surface and a slightly vintage look. Easily cleaned of dirt, not sensitive to moisture.
Suede leather
Reliable leather. It is made from the skins of elk, deer, sheepskin, goat skins or calf. Suede is a thick pile, thin, soft, velvety to the touch, stretches without loss of integrity. A suede product does not retain its shape without an additional rigid frame. This type of leather is porous and breathable. It is subject to strong pollution, due to the specific absorbent surface. Suede requires constant care. Dust and light dirt can be removed with an eraser or a special brush. Deep dirt and stains are removed with a sponge dipped in a solution of water and ammonia in a 3: 1 ratio.
Velours
Soft and plastic skin with a short and dense pile. Made from dense skins of pigs and cattle by chrome tanning followed by polishing. Velor products require additional and careful care.
Nappa
Durable decorative material. It is made from sheepskin or cattle skins. Such leather is matte or with a slight sheen, perforated or shiny. Thin, soft, plastic, light, pleasant to the touch and wear-resistant. Nappa gets these properties thanks to double tanning. An additional frame is required to maintain the shape of the product. Unpretentious in leaving skin is used for production of headdresses, outerwear, accessories. Periodically wipe the surface from dust with a dry flannel or damp sponge and wipe dry.
Laika
Soft, thin, elastic leather made from the skins of lambs and kids with chrome or chrome-fat tanning. The outer surface of the skin is smooth, without wrinkles, attractive appearance. Despite the softness and tenderness, it is durable and wear-resistant. Laika is mainly used for the manufacture of gloves and jewelry. Laika does not tolerate moisture, and after drying, it can lose its shape and properties. Requires competent care.
Kid
Soft, light, dense leather with a peculiar wavy pattern. It is obtained using chrome tanning from goat, sheep and calf skins. Attractive texture, density and elasticity. Doesn't let air through.
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